Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions: Buddhism. In ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. The official languages are Hindi and Urdu, although other languages are common, including Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri and other Bihari languages. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. On 15 November 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Bihar is also the world's fourth-most populous subnational entity. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and with Jharkhand to the south. It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory, with an area of 94,163 km 2 (36,357 sq mi). Recognized under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of Indiaīihar ( / b ɪ ˈ h ɑːr/ Hindi pronunciation: ( listen)) is a state in eastern India.

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